Hidden Slaves: Forced Labor in the United States (Download full report in PDF format)
September 2004
Free the Slaves, Washington, D.C. &
Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Executive Summary
   
2. Introduction
       Forced Labor Is Hidden
       Forced Labor Is Inhumane
       Forced Labor Is Widespread
       Forced Labor Is Criminal
   The Study
   
3. Ending Forced Labor in the United States
   Exposing Forced Labor
   The Number of Victims
   Geographical Distribution of Victims
   Origins of Victims and Perpetrators
   Economic and Demographic Sectors
       Prostitution and Sex Services
       Domestic Service
       Agriculture
       Sweatshops
   
4. The U.S. Legal Response to Forced Labor
   International Prohibitions against Forced Labor
   International Human Trafficking and Forced Labor
   Domestic Legislation: The Trafficking Act
   Relation of the United States to International Trends
   
5. Implementation and Enforcement of U.S. Laws
   Identifying Victims
   Law Enforcement
   Fragmentation of Law Enforcement
   New Approaches to Law Enforcement
   Treatment of Survivors
   Benefits, Protection, and Compensation
   
6. Health and Medical Consequences of Forced Labor
   Predeparture
   Journey
   Forced Labor
       Mental Health
       Physical Health
       Access to Health Care
   Postrelease
   
7. Social and Legal Services
   Identifying Survivors
   Safety, Housing, and Protection
   Prosecution and Benefits
   T visas
   Language and Culture
   Reintegration
   
8. Conclusions / Recommendations
   Lessons Learned and Future Challenges
       Domestic Laws Can Create Strong Legal Platforms
       Training Is Critical
       Witness and Survivor Protection
       Social Services Provision to Survivors
       Research
   Recommendations
   
9. Glossary
   
10. Acknowledgments
    
11. Notes