Researchers from the Human Rights Center and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health released a report in July 2007 documenting how decades of repressive rule, civil war and poor governance in the Southeast Asian country have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other infectious diseases there.

Burma has one of the highest TB rates, and is home to more than half of Asia's malarial deaths. Those most vulnerable to epidemics are ethnic and religious minorities, displaced farmers, commercial sex workers, and intravenous drug users. These populations are especially prevalent along the border areas, where health care is almost completely unavailable.

Based on interviews with health professionals inside Burma and along the borders with China, Thailand, Bangladesh, and India, researchers found that the country’s inability to respond to infectious diseases is due to the polices and priorities adopted by a succession of military regimes that have been in power since the early 1960s. Such policies have included placing extreme travel restrictions on international humanitarian organizations, hindering their access to areas where infectious diseases are rampant and medical care is scarce. Researchers also found that the widespread distribution of counterfeit antimalarial drugs, coupled with the rise of drug-resistant malaria and tuberculosis, pose a major health threat to the Burmese people.